Covid-19 vaccination can induce multiple sclerosis via cross-reactive CD4+ T cells recognizing SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and myelin peptides
Both natural infection and the mRNA based vaccinations can be accompanied by transient autoimmune phenomena,
or onset of autoimmune diseases.
Objective
Two cases of multiple sclerosis (MS),
with clinical and new radiological signs,
beginning in close temporal relation to spike (S) protein mRNA based vaccinations.
Aim
The onset of MS in these two cases is very likely caused by CD4+ T cell clones,
that cross-recognize SARSCoV- 2 S protein,
from myelin proteins.
Method
Spike specific CD4+ T cells from peripheral blood,
and CD4+ T cells from CSF sample were isolated,
then underwent autoantigen screening test.
(An endogenous antigen that stimulates the production of autoantibodies)
A list of well-known MS related autoantigens,
Result(s)
Self-reactive T cells were detected from Spike specific T cell population,
also showed reactivity to MBP, MOG, (Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein) peptides PLP peptide pools.
Multiple sclerosis and myelin basic protein: insights into protein disorder and disease
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8810476/
Myelin basic protein (MBP) is an abundant protein in central nervous system (CNS) myelin.
MBP has long been studied as a factor in the pathogenesis of the autoimmune neurodegenerative disease multiple sclerosis (MS).
MS is characterized by CNS inflammation, demyelination, and axonal loss.
Finally,
we found proinflammatory T cell clones,
that recognize both Spike protein and immunodominant Myelin basic protein peptides,
and Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) peptides, which have previously been implicated in MS.
Conclusion(s)
Detailed studies of both peripheral blood, and CSF derived CD4+ T cells show that the onset of MS in these two cases is very likely caused by CD4+ T cell clones that cross-recognize SARS-CoV-2 S protein derived peptides and peptides derived from myelin proteins, which have previously been implicated in MS.
Posts misrepresent research on multiple sclerosis and COVID-19 vaccines found in WHO database
https://apnews.com/article/fact-check-WHO-COVID-multiple-sclerosis-591321248797
New diagnosis of multiple sclerosis in the setting of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine exposure (January 2022)
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34922126/
Multiple sclerosis (MS) with onset in the setting of acute SARS-CoV-2 virus infection has been reported,
and reactivation of MS following non-mRNA COVID-19 vaccination has been noted,
There have been three reports of newly diagnosed MS following exposure to mRNA COVID-19 vaccine.
The association cannot be determined to be causal,
